Публикации

Since banks are competing in challenging and dynamic market environments, an anticipatory system generating futures-relevant knowledge is of primordial importance for an effective bank strategy. The objective of this research is to investigate how corporate foresight and competitive intelligence, considered as parts of an anticipatory system, create knowledge. Our main contribution lies in arriving at a better understanding of these processes in the mainstream of knowledge creation grounded in the SECI model. To this end, we followed a longitudinal case-study methodology for more than eight months within a leading bank in Morocco. The findings show that while the competitive intelligence unit focuses more on commercial and competitor intelligence targeting hence other banks market strategies, the corporate foresight unit tries to identify the bank market weak signals and major trends in the banking sector. Knowledge creation is mainly triggered in the social interaction context in the competitive intelligence unit, while the externalization phase involving interacting Bas is critical to knowledge creation in the corporate foresight unit. The results also confirm the presence of a black hole strategy problem and a lack of coordination between competitive intelligence and corporate foresight processes, thus highlighting the need for dynamic integrated anticipatory systems.

Доклад, подготовленный Институтом статистических исследований и экономи- ки знаний (ИСИЭЗ) Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) по заказу АНО «Координационный центр национального домена сети Интернет» продолжает серию ежегодных публикаций о тенденциях развития интернета. Исследование проводилось по четырем основным направлениям: «анатомия» интернета (доменное пространство, телекоммуникационная инфраструктура, безопасность в сети), интернет для экономики (цифровизация отраслей экономики и социальной сферы, электронная торговля), интернет для общества (население в интернете, цифровые навыки и профессиональная деятельность), тренды развития интернета.

Исследование базируется на данных Росстата, Минцифры России, Банка России, Технического Центра Интернет, Совета европейских национальных регистратур доменов верхнего уровня (CENTR), компании Verisign, аналитических и прогнозных материалах международных организаций (ОЭСР, Евростата, МСЭ), консалтинговых и иных компаний, а также на собственных разработках ИСИЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ.

Издание рассчитано на широкий круг читателей, интересующихся вопросами развития интернета, процессами цифровизации российской экономики и общества.

В сборнике представлены статистические данные, характеризующие уровень и динамику развития цифровой экономики в России. По ряду индикаторов приведены международные сопоставления. Материал сформирован на основе данных Росстата, Минцифры России, ФТС России, Банка России, Евростата, ОЭСР, Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ), Конференции ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД), Департамента экономического и социального развития ООН, Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности (ВОИС), базы данных Scopus, а также разработок Института статис- тических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». В ряде случаев данные по отдельным показателям уточняют ранее опубликованные.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems research has largely focused on the profile of a handful of successful locations. This has prevented a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that shape entrepreneurial activity across the geographical space. Our goals in this research are (1) to identify the critical dimensions of entrepreneurial ecosystems, and (2) to assess whether successful ecosystems rely on heterogeneous configurations. Through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we address this issue with data from the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Findings generate a typological hierarchy of attributes, where the range of critical dimensions seems to be much more restricted than previously argued, and alternative configurations appear to lead to similar outcomes. A first pivotal path toward establishing a thriving ecosystem is fundamentally based on the conditions of the knowledge Infrastructure. A second approach combines elements of the socioeconomic system with the knowledge environment. Although some elements are ubiquitous, contributing attributes differ across distinct configurations, suggesting some level of heterogeneity in the dominant dimensions of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Such evidence contributes to the debate on entrepreneurial ecosystems’ dimensions and elements, offering exploratory insights on alternative ways to promote an environment conducive to knowledge-intensive ventures.

The globalisation trend of the past few decades, driven to a large extent by the proliferation of GVCs, has led to a set of significant changes in patterns of technology upgrading and new modes of interaction between domestic technology efforts and external sources of technological knowledge. Whether this new dynamic will lead to continuing increase in the economic importance of emerging economies will ultimately depend on whether their productivity growth will be driven by technology upgrading, requiring active and coordinated activity orchestrated by a variety of state and non-state actors under diverse sectoral, regional and national innovation systems. The new dynamic also reinforces the focus on local–global interfaces which becomes ever more important once we recognize that in the 21st century technology upgrading challenges depend much more on improvements in connectivity and on the industrial ecosystem. Still, the globalization process experienced in the past few decades—reflected in this collection of papers—may need to be recalibrated in the face of the drastic geopolitical changes that the process itself has brought about.

Technological upgrading and innovation is necessary for long-term economic development. Nonetheless, creating the conditions that allow technological upgrading and innovation to occur is far from simple, especially for developing economies. While policymaking may create important macro- and meso-incentives for economic agents, it is at the micro-level that policy effectiveness can truly be verified. In this chapter we analyze the recent development of the Brazilian shipbuilding sector where an entire institutional setting was put in place to boost technological and industrial development. We investigate the policies and results by contrasting the macro-, the meso- and the micro-perspectives. Though policies put in place gave an initial boost to the sector, coordination uncertainties and critical bottlenecks at the micro-level generated high capability building costs that precipitated the subsequent failure of the shipbuilding industry to catch up and to upgrade sufficiently in order to really become internationally competitive.

A basic mission of NASA is to use the United States’ segment of the International Space Station (ISS), designated a national laboratory, to facilitate the growth of a commercial marketplace in low Earth orbit for scientific research, technology development, observation and communications. Protein crystallization research has long been promoted as a promising commercial application of the ISS for drug development. In this paper we examine the case for microgravity protein crystallization under different private and public investment scenarios. The analysis suggests that sustaining investment is unlikely to come from individual companies alone. Public and private investment must be combined and managed to overcome a number of challenges including the need to integrate microgravity crystallization into the complex system of technologies involved in structure-based drug design. Multiple risks related to transportation costs/frequency, risk for cargo and research crew, and uncertainty about the longevity of the ISS complicate the calculus.

В статье исследуется цифровая трансформация креативных индустрий на основе анализа литературы. Работа фокусируется на корпоративном уровне, изучая общие характеристики цифровизации среди креативных индустрий. Основная цель работы – определить вызовы и возможности, возникающие перед компаниями в креативных индустриях в контексте цифровизации. Метод подбора литературы соответствует подходу, представленному в [Li, 2020]. Работа анализирует статьи, индексируемые в Scopus, в которых встречаются слова "creative", "industry", "digital", "business-model", опубликованные в 2014-2020 гг. и процитированные хотя бы один раз. В докладе представлены основные особенности цифровизации креативных индустрий, которые необходимо учитывать при стратегическом развитии компаний в данных секторах.