Публикации

Атлас экономической специализации регионов России, подготовленный Институтом статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» в рамках деятельности Российской кластерной обсерватории, посвящен изучению экономических профилей субъектов Российской Федерации.

В публикации приведены результаты статистических расчетов, характеризующие развитие торгуемого сектора экономики и входящих в его состав отраслей. Представлена развернутая информация о вкладе различных видов деятельности в занятость, производство и инвестиции в масштабах регионов и страны в целом, включая их специализацию и рейтинги видов деятельности в полиотраслевых субъектах Российской Федерации.

Данные исследования могут послужить основой для выявления перспективных межотраслевых и межрегиональных связей. Издание адресовано представителям бизнеса, научного и образовательного сообществ, практикам, вовлеченным в процессы управления развитием территорий и секторов экономики, включая промышленность, сельское хозяйство, интеллектуальные услуги и креативные индустрии.

Сделки по слиянию и поглощению часто мотивированы желанием компаний приобрести знания и технологии в целях повышения конкурентоспособности. Этот механизм особенно востребован компаниями, заинтересованными в доступе к цифровым технологиям через интеграцию с игроками сектора информационных и коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ). Однако низкая эффективность таких операций зачастую ставит под сомнение реализацию корпоративных стратегий цифровизации. Предлагаемый подход к оценке эффективности сделок слияния и поглощения с ИКТкомпаниями опирается на метод оболочечного анализа данных. С помощью регрессионного анализа установлено, что высокий уровень затрат на исследования и разработки приобретателя может подорвать эффективность сделки с предприятием сектора ИКТ

В сборнике представлены статистические данные, отражающие уровень развития цифровой экономики в России. По ряду индикаторов приведены международные сопоставления.

Материал сформирован на основе данных Минцифры России, Росстата, Банка России, Евростата, ОЭСР, Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ), Конференции ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД), Департамента экономического и социального развития ООН, Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности (ВОИС), базы данных Scopus, а также разработок Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (ИСИЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ).

В ряде случаев данные по отдельным показателям уточняют ранее опубликованные.

В аналитическом докладе представлен обзор глобальных трендов развития цифровых технологий. Дана оценка уровня научных исследований в России, возможностей применения цифровых решений в различных секторах экономики и социальной сферы. Исследование проведено с использованием Системы интеллектуального анализа больших данных iFORA, разработанной в Институте статистических исследований и экономики знаний (ИСИЭЗ) НИУ ВШЭ. Издание предназначено для широкой аудитории – исследователей, преподавателей, управленцев, экспертного сообщества, представителей средств массовой информации, всех, кто интересуется тенденциями развития цифровой экономики.

Аналитический доклад подготовлен в феврале 2021 г. к годовщине объявления Всемирной организацией здравоохранения пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. В нем рассматривается влияние пандемии на социальную сферу, экономику и систему государственного управления в Российской Федерации. Представлены результаты двух масштабных социологических исследований, отражающих динамику отношения населения к пандемии и изменения социального самочувствия, оценку последствий пандемии для отрасли образования, некоммерческого сектора и волонтерства. Оцениваются экономические последствия коронакризиса с точки зрения макроэкономики, изменения структуры отраслей промышленности, развития отрасли цифровых технологий и объемов мировой торговли. Доклад включает анализ действий федеральных и региональных органов власти в период пандемии, а также перспектив трансформации системы государственного управления в России на базе наработанных в процессе противодействия пандемии управленческих практик. Работа предназначена для широкого круга читателей, в том числе исследователей и научных сотрудников, преподавателей и студентов.

Recent studies have substantially enhanced our understanding of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in entrepreneurship—articulating the theoretical relevance of ADHD-type traits in entrepreneurship and confirming the positive linkages between ADHD symptoms/diagnosis and entrepreneurial intentions and behavior. However, how and why some people with ADHD symptoms run successful ventures, while other entrepreneurs fail to perform well, is still not well established. Our study builds on a Gestalt perspective that integrates person–environment fit and broaden-and-build theorizing, and proposes that strong positive emotions enable entrepreneurs with ADHD symptoms (at the subclinical level) to mitigate/reinforce the effect of ADHD’s trait-specific weaknesses/strengths to achieve entrepreneurial performance. Relying on fuzzy-set methodology, our findings indicate that for entrepreneurs with ADHD symptoms, entrepreneurial performance occurs when they simultaneously experience passion for founding and developing. This passion configuration is unique to successful ADHD-type entrepreneurs. As such, this study offers novel theoretical and empirical insights as well as implications for practitioners.

Plain English Summary Do people with ADHD perform well in entrepreneurship? Our research shows how ADHD symptoms relate to entrepreneurial performance finding that passion is important. Entrepreneurs who are highly and thereby ambidextrously passionate for growing their businesses and for founding activities while lacking intense positive feelings for coming up with new ideas can benefit from ADHD. These results are important for people with ADHD and their loved ones.

This article seeks to undertake a critical assessment of the changing position of public science in the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the countries on the periphery of European research. These countries are driven by new innovation paradigm based on entrepreneurship, which are implemented within the European Smart specialization strategy (S3). This article argues that S3 is widely implemented in the cohesion countries and, while it provides substantial resources for science, technology, and innovation, it fails to provide sustainability in the public research sector. This has direct implications for policies concerning innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. In order to prove the thesis, the article provides theoretical argumentation for emergence of a new innovation paradigm, driven by the rise of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, its incorporation into S3, and a consequent retreat of science policy in favor of entrepreneurial policy. The empirical analysis is focused on the funding trends seen in the business and public research sectors over the last decade (2008–2017), which have clearly shown that S3 has not contributed, despite expectations, to an increase in public expenditure for science. This signifies S3's neglect of public research within entrepreneurial ecosystems and challenges the ability of S3 to reduce wide disparities in research and innovation performance across the European Union. This ultimately endangers the innovation potential of the entrepreneurial ecosystem itself.

Portable ramps are generally used by wheelchair users, provide temporary solution to increase accessibility in their daily lives. Portable ramps should allow for modifications in terms of weight, length, load bearing capacity, ease of handling, storage and further design parameters. Different types of portable ramps can be found in the market; however, their modifications cannot go beyond just length modification, or they allow to select just some restricted width options. However, portable ramps are quite suitable for mass customization concept which helps to satisfy customer while being involved in design step. This study aims to determine the wheelchair users’ expectations and correspondingly to offer a smart mass customization design tool which potential users are able to interact with easily. To this end, a case study is conducted with a rollable ramp which is designed and developed within the scope of 1512 – Entrepreneurship Multi-phase Programme (Teknogirişim Sermaye Desteği Programı) of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK). The methodology and its implementation are described elaborately, and example of a parametric smart customization tool design are illustrated in this study. First, the preliminary study is explained briefly. Afterward, the desired modification parameters are determined with literature and patent survey as well as observation and interviews with the potential users. After systematic review and evaluation of user experiences, the model is assessed.

The High Technology Small Firms (HTSF) conference is a “boutique” conference, small compared to thematically broader entrepreneurship conferences such as the Babson Kauffman Entrepreneurship Research conference (BKERC) and the Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business conference (RENT), but specialized on the topics of the emergence and the management of HTSFs.

The stable development of water resources is a strategic objective of any state and essential component of national security. In Russia the situation with water resources is better than in many other countries of the world. There is more than quarter of world’s freshwater resources (23% only in endemic Lake Baikal). However, these resources are irregularly distributed throughout the national territory. Only 10% of water resources are located in European Russia where the concentration of the population and production capacities is more than 70%. Furthermore, there is a range of serious problems in respect of protection and use of these resources, water supply networks, structure of water consumption, and issues of water disposal and treatment, water conditioning, and water reuse.

Ensuring access to clean drinking water and sanitation is a massive global challenge and a UN Sustainable Development Goal. Access varies among countries depending on their geographical location and their socioeconomic development level. However, what is common to all countries is the search for ways to improve the efficiency of water intake, use, and purification, as well as to mitigate the factors that have an adverse impact on water availability, including climate-related issues, natural disasters, demographic changes and urbanization, technological advancements, economic growth and prosperity, and social and cultural values. Research on future conditions indicates that the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector faces multiple uncertainties. Therefore, forward-looking policies need to be formulated in order to develop mechanisms for dealing with emerging developments, uncertainties, opportunities, and risks.

This paper focuses on the practices, assessment approaches, procedures, and applied aspects of competitive intelligence (CI). The study relies upon a survey of CI practitioners conducted in 2019 and a comparison of its results with a similar survey in 2006. It was found that companies spend the time devoted to this activity mainly on processes that go beyond collecting information, including planning, analysis, communications, and management. Most enterprises have official divisions and profile managers. The results are used to perform a variety of strategic and tactical tasks. The main sources of information are the Internet, company employees, customers, and industry experts. Compared to 2006, a new key resource has emerged — social networks. Of the analytical methods, SWOT analysis and the study of competitors are most often used. Several channels of communication are used simultaneously to disseminate the received information, mainly email and presentations are used. Key performance criteria are customer satisfaction and the number of decisions made based on the information gathered. A comparative analysis revealed that over the period separating the surveys of 2006 and 2019, the function of the CR has become more formalized. The share of companies with centralized divisions and CI managers has grown. Currently, this activity more often goes beyond the simple profiling and evaluation of competitors. Technology assessment, economic, and political analysis are more actively practiced.